STP实验

实验拓扑


图1-1

注:如无特别说明,描述中的R1或SW1对应拓扑中设备名称末尾数字为1的设备,R2或SW2对应拓扑中设备名称末尾数字为2的设备,以此类推


实验需求

  1. 开启所有设备,等待STP收敛后观察STP状态
  2. 使SW4成为根网桥
  3. 使闭塞端口出现在SW2上
  4. 把SW1上连接的PC的端口配置为边缘端口

实验解法

  1. 等待STP收敛后,查看STP运行状态,找出根网桥,闭塞端口

    步骤1:根据HCL模拟器的运行机制,SW1的Mac地址应该是最小的,会成为根网桥,在SW1上查看STP运行状态,确认SW1为根网桥

    [SW1]display stp
    -------[CIST Global Info][Mode MSTP]-------
    Bridge ID           : 32768.7aef-e4ea-0100
    Bridge times        : Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwdDelay 15s MaxHops 20
    Root ID/ERPC        : 32768.7aef-e4ea-0100, 0
    RegRoot ID/IRPC     : 32768.7aef-e4ea-0100, 0
    RootPort ID         : 0.0
    BPDU-Protection     : Disabled
    Bridge Config-
    Digest-Snooping     : Disabled
    TC or TCN received  : 7
    Time since last TC  : 0 days 0h:0m:40s
    

    步骤2:根据STP计算机制,所有链路开销一致,闭塞端口应该会出现在SW4上。在SW4上查看端口状态,确认SW4的g1/0/2被闭塞

    [SW4]display stp brief 
    MST ID   Port                                Role  STP State   Protection
    0        GigabitEthernet1/0/1                ROOT  FORWARDING  NONE
    0        GigabitEthernet1/0/2                ALTE  DISCARDING  NONE
    
  2. 使SW4成为新的根网桥

      分析:要想使SW4成为根网桥,最好的办法就是让SW4的优先级成为全网最小。默认优先级都为32768,只要把SW4的优先级改成比32768小就可以了

    步骤1:修改SW4的优先级为4096

    [SW4]stp priority 4096
    [SW4]%Mar 21 20:50:27:109 2018 SW4 STP/6/STP_DETECTED_TC: Instance 0's port GigabitEthernet1/0/2 detected a topology change.
    

    步骤2:在SW4上查看STP运行状态,发现SW4已经成为新的根网桥

    [SW4]display stp 
    -------[CIST Global Info][Mode MSTP]-------
    Bridge ID           : 4096.7af0-0e17-0400
    Bridge times        : Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwdDelay 15s MaxHops 20
    Root ID/ERPC        : 4096.7af0-0e17-0400, 0
    RegRoot ID/IRPC     : 4096.7af0-0e17-0400, 0
    RootPort ID         : 0.0
    BPDU-Protection     : Disabled
    Bridge Config-
    Digest-Snooping     : Disabled
    TC or TCN received  : 8
    Time since last TC  : 0 days 0h:1m:30s
    
  3. 使闭塞端口出现在SW2上

      分析:SW4成为了根网桥,按照STP计算机制,闭塞端口此时应该在SW1上。要使闭塞端口到SW2上,就需要让SW2到SW1的cost比SW4到SW1更大。H3C交换机千兆口的cost默认是20,我们可以把SW2的g1/0/2接口的cost改为1000

    步骤1:在SW2上进入g1/0/2接口的接口视图,修改stp cost为1000

    [SW2]interface g1/0/2
    [SW2-GigabitEthernet1/0/2]stp cost 1000
    [SW2-GigabitEthernet1/0/2]%Mar 21 22:16:05:399 2018 SW2 STP/6/STP_NOTIFIED_TC: Instance 0's port GigabitEthernet1/0/1 was notified a topology change.
    

    步骤2:在SW2上查看STP接口状态,发现SW2的g1/0/2接口已经成为了新的闭塞端口

    [SW2]display stp brief 
    MST ID   Port                                Role  STP State   Protection
    0        GigabitEthernet1/0/1                ROOT  FORWARDING  NONE
    0        GigabitEthernet1/0/2                ALTE  DISCARDING  NONE
    
  4. 把SW1连接PC的所有接口配置为边缘接口

    [SW4]interface g1/0/3
    [SW4-GigabitEthernet1/0/3]stp edged-port 
    Edge port should only be connected to terminal. It will cause temporary loops if port GigabitEthernet1/0/3 is connected to bridges. Please use it carefully.
    
    [SW4]interface g1/0/4
    [SW4-GigabitEthernet1/0/4]stp edged-port 
    Edge port should only be connected to terminal. It will cause temporary loops if port GigabitEthernet1/0/4 is connected to bridges. Please use it carefully.